来源： 2023版：深度比较几种.NET Excel导出库的性能差异 – 百宝门园地 – 博客园

引言

背景和目的

本文介绍了几个常用的电子表格处理库，包括EPPlus、NPOI、Aspose.Cells和DocumentFormat.OpenXml，我们将对这些库进行性能测评，以便为开发人员提供实际的性能指标和数据。

下表将功能/特点、开源/许可证这两列分开，以满足需求：

测评电脑配置

准备工作

使用Bogus库生成6万条标准化的测试数据。

void Main()
{
	string path = Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop), "test-data.json");
	using var file = File.Create(path);
	using var writer = new Utf8JsonWriter(file, new JsonWriterOptions { Indented = true });
	var data = new Bogus.Faker<Data>()
		.RuleFor(x => x.Id, x => x.IndexFaker + 1)
		.RuleFor(x => x.Gender, x => x.Person.Gender)
		.RuleFor(x => x.FirstName, (x, u) => x.Name.FirstName(u.Gender))
		.RuleFor(x => x.LastName, (x, u) => x.Name.LastName(u.Gender))
		.RuleFor(x => x.Email, (x, u) => x.Internet.Email(u.FirstName, u.LastName))
		.RuleFor(x => x.BirthDate, x => x.Person.DateOfBirth)
		.RuleFor(x => x.Company, x => x.Person.Company.Name)
		.RuleFor(x => x.Phone, x => x.Person.Phone)
		.RuleFor(x => x.Website, x => x.Person.Website)
		.RuleFor(x => x.SSN, x => x.Person.Ssn())
		.GenerateForever().Take(6_0000)
		.Dump();
	JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, data);
	Process.Start("explorer", @$"/select, ""{path}""".Dump());
}

Bogus输出结果

创建公共类方便正式测评使用

void Main()
{
    string path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\test-data.json";
    LoadUsers(path).Dump();
}

List<User> LoadUsers(string jsonfile)
{
    string path = jsonfile;
    byte[] bytes = File.ReadAllBytes(path);
    return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<User>>(bytes);
}

IObservable<object> Measure(Action action, int times = 5)
{
    return Enumerable.Range(1, times).Select(i =>
    {
        var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

        long memory1 = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
        long allocate1 = GC.GetTotalAllocatedBytes(true);
        {
            action();
        }
        long allocate2 = GC.GetTotalAllocatedBytes(true);
        long memory2 = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);

        sw.Stop();
        return new
        {
            次数 = i, 
            分配内存 = (allocate2 - allocate1).ToString("N0"),
            内存提高 = (memory2 - memory1).ToString("N0"), 
            耗时 = sw.ElapsedMilliseconds,
        };
    }).ToObservable();
}

class User
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public int Gender { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public string Email { get; set; }
    public DateTime BirthDate { get; set; }
    public string Company { get; set; }
    public string Phone { get; set; }
    public string Website { get; set; }
    public string SSN { get; set; }
}

代码解释

1、上面的代码单位是字节 (bytes)

2 、其中IObservable（System.IObservable）是用于处理事件流的接口，它实现了观察者模式。它表示一个可观察的序列，可以产生一系列的事件，并允许其他对象（观察者）来订阅和接收这些事件。IObservable 适用于动态的、实时的事件流处理，允许观察者以异步方式接收事件，可以用于响应式编程、事件驱动的编程模型等。

3、GC.GetTotalAllocatedBytes(true) 获取分配内存大小
GC.GetTotalMemory(true) 获取占用内存大小

性能测评

EPPlus

string path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\test-data.json";
List<User> users = LoadUsers(path);

Measure(() =>
{
    Export(users, Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\export.epplus.xlsx");
}).Dump("EPPlus");

void Export<T>(List<T> data, string path)
{
    using var stream = File.Create(path);
    using var excel = new ExcelPackage(stream);
    ExcelWorksheet sheet = excel.Workbook.Worksheets.Add("Sheet1");
    PropertyInfo[] props = typeof(User).GetProperties();
    for (var i = 0; i < props.Length; ++i)
    {
        sheet.Cells[1, i + 1].Value = props[i].Name;
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < data.Count; ++i)
    {
        for (var j = 0; j < props.Length; ++j)
        {
            sheet.Cells[i + 2, j + 1].Value = props[j].GetValue(data[i]);
        }
    }
    excel.Save();
}

输出结果

EPPlus (6.2.8) （2023/8/15）输出结果

EPPlus （4.5.3.2）（2019/6/16）输出结果

由此看出 相比2019,到了2023年EPPlus的性能得到了略微的提升

NPOI

示例代码一：XSSFWorkbook

List<User> users = LoadUsers(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\test-data.json");

Measure(() =>
{
    Export(users, Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\export.npoi.xlsx");
}).Dump("NPOI");

void Export<T>(List<T> data, string path)
{
    IWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
    ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet("Sheet1");

    var headRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
    PropertyInfo[] props = typeof(User).GetProperties();
    for (var i = 0; i < props.Length; ++i)
    {
        headRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(props[i].Name);
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < data.Count; ++i)
    {
        var row = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1);
        for (var j = 0; j < props.Length; ++j)
        {
            row.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(props[j].GetValue(data[i]).ToString());
        }
    }

    using var file = File.Create(path);
    workbook.Write(file);
	workbook.Close();
}

输出结果

NPOI （2.6.1）（2023/7/12）输出结果

NPOI （2.4.1）（2018/12/18）输出结果

示例代码二：SXSSFWorkbook

List<User> users = LoadUsers(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\test-data.json");

Measure(() =>
{
    Export(users, Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\export.npoi.xlsx");
}).Dump("NPOI");

void Export<T>(List<T> data, string path)
{
    IWorkbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook();
    ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet("Sheet1");

    var headRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
    PropertyInfo[] props = typeof(User).GetProperties();
    for (var i = 0; i < props.Length; ++i)
    {
        headRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(props[i].Name);
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < data.Count; ++i)
    {
        var row = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1);
        for (var j = 0; j < props.Length; ++j)
        {
            row.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(props[j].GetValue(data[i]).ToString());
        }
    }

    using var file = File.Create(path);
    workbook.Write(file);
	workbook.Close();
}

输出结果

NPOI （2.6.1）（2023/7/12）输出结果

NPOI （2.4.1）（2018/12/18）输出结果

经过测试 发现SXSSFWorkbook 确实比XSSFWorkbook 性能好，有显著提升
由此看出 相比2018,到了2023年NPOI的性能得到了略微的提升

Aspose.Cells

Util.NewProcess = true;
List<User> users = LoadUsers(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\test-data.json");

SetLicense();

Measure(() =>
{
    Export(users, Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\export.aspose2.xlsx");
}, 5).Dump("Aspose");

void Export<T>(List<T> data, string path)
{
    using var excel = new Workbook();
    excel.Settings.MemorySetting = MemorySetting.Normal;
    excel.Settings.CheckExcelRestriction = false;
    Worksheet sheet = excel.Worksheets["Sheet1"];
    sheet.Cells.ImportCustomObjects(data, 0, 0, new ImportTableOptions
    {
        IsFieldNameShown = true, 
        DateFormat = "MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm:ss AM/PM", 
        ConvertNumericData = false, 
    });
    excel.Save(path);
}

void SetLicense()
{
    Stream stream = new MemoryStream(Convert.FromBase64String(@"密钥"));
    stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
    new Aspose.Cells.License().SetLicense(stream);
}

输出结果

Aspose.Cells （23.8.0）（2023/8/9）输出结果

Aspose.Cells （19.8.0）（2019/8/20）输出结果

由此看出 相比2019,到了2023年Aspose.Cells的性能还是一样差不多,只是内存占用减少了

DocumentFormat.OpenXml

List<User> users = LoadUsers(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\test-data.json");

Measure(() =>
{
    Export(users, Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + @"\export.openXml.xlsx");
}).Dump("OpenXML");

void Export<T>(List<T> data, string path)
{
    using SpreadsheetDocument excel = SpreadsheetDocument.Create(path, SpreadsheetDocumentType.Workbook);

    WorkbookPart workbookPart = excel.AddWorkbookPart();
    workbookPart.Workbook = new Workbook();

    WorksheetPart worksheetPart = workbookPart.AddNewPart<WorksheetPart>();
    worksheetPart.Worksheet = new Worksheet(new SheetData());

    Sheets sheets = excel.WorkbookPart.Workbook.AppendChild<Sheets>(new Sheets());
    Sheet sheet = new Sheet
    {
        Id = excel.WorkbookPart.GetIdOfPart(worksheetPart),
        SheetId = 1,
        Name = "Sheet1"
    };
    sheets.Append(sheet);
    
    SheetData sheetData = worksheetPart.Worksheet.GetFirstChild<SheetData>();

    PropertyInfo[] props = typeof(User).GetProperties();
    {    // header
        var row = new Row() { RowIndex = 1 };
        sheetData.Append(row);
        row.Append(props.Select((prop, i) => new Cell
        {
            CellReference = ('A' + i - 1) + row.RowIndex.Value.ToString(),
            CellValue = new CellValue(props[i].Name),
            DataType = new EnumValue<CellValues>(CellValues.String),
        }));
    }
    sheetData.Append(data.Select((item, i) => 
    {
        var row = new Row { RowIndex = (uint)(i + 2) };
        row.Append(props.Select((prop, j) => new Cell
        {
            CellReference = ('A' + j - 1) + row.RowIndex.Value.ToString(),
            CellValue = new CellValue(props[j].GetValue(data[i]).ToString()),
            DataType = new EnumValue<CellValues>(CellValues.String),
        }));
        return row;
    }));
    excel.Save();
}

输出结果

DocumentFormat.OpenXml （2.20.0）（2023/4/7）输出结果

DocumentFormat.OpenXml （2.9.1）（2019/3/14）输出结果

由此看出 相比2019,到了2023年DocumentFormat.OpenXml的性能反而越差啦

结论和总结

结论一：如果你想找开源，(旧版本免费)，（最新版收费）EPPlus 依旧是最佳选择

结论二：如果你想找速度快，很稳定，但收费的，Aspose.Cells 依旧是最佳选择

总结:
1、EPPlus表现不错，内存和耗时在开源组中表现最佳
2、收费的Aspose.Cells表现最佳，内存占用最低，用时也最短

作者 => 百宝门瞿佑明

此文章是对此前《.NET骚操作》2019年写的文章的更新和扩展
https://www.cnblogs.com/sdflysha/p/20190824-dotnet-excel-compare.html

原文地址：https://blog.baibaomen.com/2023版：深度比较几种-net-excel导出库的性能差异/